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Numerical simulations of a multistage multiphase pump at different operating conditions were performed to study the variational characteristics of flow parameters for each impeller. The simulation results were verified against the experimented results. Because of the compressibility of the gas, inlet volume flow rate qi and inlet flow angle ß_i for each impeller decrease gradually from the first to the last stage. The volume flow rate at the entrance of the pump q, rotational speed n and inlet gas volume fraction (IGVF) affect the characteristics of qi and ß_i.

The hydraulic design features of the impellers in the multistage multiphase pump are obtained based on the flow parameter characteristics of the pump. Using the hydraulic setup features, stage-by-stage design of the multistage multiphase pump for a nominal IGVF has been conducted.

The numerical simulation results show that hydraulic loss in impellers of the optimized pump is substantially reduced. Furthermore, the hydraulic efficiency of the optimized pump increases by 3.29 per cent, which verifies the validation of the method of stage-by-stage design.

Under various operating conditions, q_i and ß_i decrease gradually from the first to the fifth stage because of the compressibility of the gas. For this characteristic, the fluid behavior varies at each stage of the pump. As such, it is necessary to design impellers stage by stage in a multistage rotodynamic multiphase pump.

These results will have substantial effect on various practical operations in the industry. For example, in the development of subsea oilfields, the conventional conveying equipment, which contains liquid-phase pumps, compressors and separators, is replaced by multiphase pumps. Multiphase pumps directly transport the mixture of oil, gas and water from subsea oilwells through a single pipeline, which can simplify equipment usage, decrease backpressure of the wellhead and save capital costs.

Characteristics of a multistage multiphase pump under different operating conditions were investigated along with features of the inlet flow parameters for every impeller at each compression stage. Our simulation results have established that the change in the inlet flow parameters of every impeller is mainly because of the compressibility of the gas. The operational parameters q, n and IGVF all affect the characteristics of qi and ß_i. However, the IGVF has the most prominent effect. Lower values of IGVF have an insignificant effect on the gas compressibility. Higher values of IGVF have a significant effect on the gas compressibility. All these characteristics affect the hydraulic design of the impellers for a multistage multiphase pump. In addition, the machining precision should also be considered. Considering all these factors, when IGVF is lower than 10 per cent, all the impellers in the pump can be designed uniformly. When IGVF varies from 10 to 30 per cent, the first two stages should be designed separately, and the latter stages are uniform starting with the second stage. When IGVF varies from 30 to 50 per cent, the first three stages should be designed separately, and the latter stages are going to be similar to the third stage. An additional increase in IGVF results in degeneration of the differential pressure of the pump, which will reduce the compressibility of the gas. As such, it can be deduced that only the first three stages should be designed separately, and the latter stages will be similar to the third stage. In addition, for the pump working under a lower volume flow rate than 25 m³/h, the first three stages should be designed individually while keeping the geometrical structure of the subsequent stages the same as the third stage.

This study aims to research the development trend, research status, research results and existing problems of the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge.

Based on the investigation and analysis of the development history, structure form, structural parameters, stress characteristics, shear connector stress state, force transmission mechanism, and fatigue performance, aiming at the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge, the development trend, research status, research results and existing problems are expounded.

The shear-compression composite joint has become the main form in practice, featuring shortened length and simplified structure. The length of composite joints between 1.5 and 3.0 m has no significant effect on the stress and force transmission laws of the main girder. The reasonable thickness of the bearing plate is 40–70 mm. The calculation theory and simplified calculation formula of the overall bearing capacity, the nonuniformity and distribution laws of the shear connector, the force transferring ratio of steel and concrete components, the fatigue failure mechanism and structural parameters effects are the focus of the research study.

This study puts forward some suggestions and prospects for the structural design and theoretical research of the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of data assets and how companies can assetize their data. Using the literature review methodology, the paper first summarizes the conceptual controversies over data assets in the existing literature. Subsequently, the paper defines the concept of data assets. Finally, keywords from the existing research literature are presented visually and a foundational framework for achieving data assetization is proposed.

This paper uses a systematic literature review approach to discuss the conceptual evolution and strategic imperatives of data assets. To establish a robust research methodology, this paper takes into account two main aspects. First, it conducts a comprehensive review of the existing literature on digital technology and data assets, which enables the derivation of an evolutionary path of data assets and the development of a clear and concise definition of the concept. Second, the paper uses Citespace, a widely used software for literature review, to examine the research framework of enterprise data assetization.

The paper offers pivotal insights into the realm of data assets. It highlights the changing perceptions of data assets with digital progression and addresses debates on data asset categorization, value attributes and ownership. The study introduces a definitive concept of data assets as electronically recorded data resources with real or potential value under legal parameters. Moreover, it delineates strategic imperatives for harnessing data assets, presenting a practical framework that charts the stages of “resource readiness, capacity building, and data application”, guiding businesses in optimizing their data throughout its lifecycle.

This paper comprehensively explores the issue of data assets, clarifying controversial concepts and categorizations and bridging gaps in the existing literature. The paper introduces a clear conceptualization of data assets, bridging the gap between academia and practice. In addition, the study proposes a strategic framework for data assetization. This study not only helps to promote a unified understanding among academics and professionals but also helps businesses to understand the process of data assetization.

This paper aims to make a systematic study on the factors that hinder the development of China’s intelligent automobile manufacturing industry; based on comprehensive understanding of these obstacles and by optimization means, ultimately, the healthy and sustainable development of intelligent automobile manufacturing industry in China can be promoted.

Based on a questionnaire survey of intelligent automobile manufacturing listed companies in China, first, fuzzy semantic scale was adopted to collect respondents’ choices, the fuzzy score function is used to calculate the fuzzy score value and these data are used as the basis for subsequent model analysis. Then, structural equation modeling (SEM) was adopted to analyze the causal relationship between influencing factors to explore the main hinder factors.

It is found that, in the short term, the backwardness of technological industrialization is the main reason leading to low permeability of intelligent automobile; in the medium term, the imperfect industrial R&D ability and the insufficiency of infrastructure are major causes for high manufacturing cost and low competitiveness of intelligent automobile manufacturing industry; in the long term, the lack of national policy and industrial strategic planning is the main factors affect intelligent automobile manufacturing cost and the industry competitiveness.

The research conclusion has important policy implications for promoting intelligent automobile manufacturing sustainable development. In recent years, China’s intelligent automobile manufacturing industry has gradually stepped out of breeding period; therefore, the role of government should be gradually transformed from participants to managers and regulators. Considering the fact that intelligent automobile cost is very high, and still higher than the cost of fuel vehicle, government should focus on the issues such as improving R&D capabilities, infrastructure construction, policy framework system, legal system and technological industrialization. Specifically, in short-term planning, improving technological industrialization level is the key to development; in medium-term planning, policymakers should focus on the improvement of R&D capabilities and infrastructure; considering the long-term development, establishing appropriate national policies and dealing with the adverse impact of imperfect strategic planning are the most sensible choice.

This paper analyzes the factors that hinder the development of China’s intelligent automobile manufacturing industry for the first time, and provides the basic logic of integration factors at different levels with the development of intelligent automobile to reveal the uniqueness and facts of China’s economic development.

The primary objective of this study is to tackle the enduring challenge of preserving feature integrity during the manipulation of geometric data in computer graphics. Our work aims to introduce and validate a variational sparse diffusion model that enhances the capability to maintain the definition of sharp features within meshes throughout complex processing tasks such as segmentation and repair.

We developed a variational sparse diffusion model that integrates a high-order L₁ regularization framework with Dirichlet boundary constraints, specifically designed to preserve edge definition. This model employs an innovative vertex updating strategy that optimizes the quality of mesh repairs. We leverage the augmented Lagrangian method to address the computational challenges inherent in this approach, enabling effective management of the trade-off between diffusion strength and feature preservation. Our methodology involves a detailed analysis of segmentation and repair processes, focusing on maintaining the acuity of features on triangulated surfaces.

Our findings indicate that the proposed variational sparse diffusion model significantly outperforms traditional smooth diffusion methods in preserving sharp features during mesh processing. The model ensures the delineation of clear boundaries in mesh segmentation and achieves high-fidelity restoration of deteriorated meshes in repair tasks. The innovative vertex updating strategy within the model contributes to enhanced mesh quality post-repair. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that our approach maintains the integrity of original, sharp features more effectively, especially in complex geometries with intricate detail.

The originality of this research lies in the novel application of a high-order L₁ regularization framework to the field of mesh processing, a method not conventionally applied in this context. The value of our work is in providing a robust solution to the problem of feature degradation during the mesh manipulation process. Our model’s unique vertex updating strategy and the use of the augmented Lagrangian method for optimization are distinctive contributions that enhance the state-of-the-art in geometry processing. The empirical success of our model in preserving features during mesh segmentation and repair presents an advancement in computer graphics, offering practical benefits to both academic research and industry applications.

The purpose of this paper is aimed at understanding and identifying the context, capability requirements, and configurations (3Cs) of modular supply networks in the Chinese automotive industry.

In an attempt to specify the main elements of modular supply networks, a case study and 3C framework approach analyze different network contexts. The framework considers not only the capabilities of product design, production, inbound logistics, and information sharing, but also the configuration of the role structure, process structure, and information structure that helps achieve these capabilities.

This paper analyzes two types of modular supply network, directly reflecting the degrees of involvement in the modularity logic of the module supplier and the automaker, which largely depend on their corporate strategy toward technology innovation. In a fully integrated module supply network, the module supplier needs sufficient capability for upstream supply network integration and modularization, whereas in the partly integrated module supply network, a third‐party logistics provider plays an important role with regard to production capability.

This paper investigates four modules. The practical tools for configuring the modular supply network can be specified in more detail in further research.

The 3C framework described herein contributes to theory in the fields of supply chain management and modularity, and it assists in further expanding the theory of SCM.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a research design that seeks to explore the evolutionary pathways of the emerging electric vehicle (EV) industry through employing the business ecosystem framework, which focuses on the interaction between firms, government officials, industrial associations and customers; and at the same time to identify the necessary strategic capabilities behind such emergence.

Qualitative research methodology will be employed such that multiple case studies will be carried out through the implementation of interviews with companies, industrial players and policy makers.

The research findings of this paper include a comprehensive depiction of the emerging business ecosystem structure of the EV industry, which contributed in building the main elements of the proposed conceptual research framework.

The research findings of this paper are based on one province in China; also the business ecosystem of the emerging EV industry may differ in different regions across the country.

Practically, this research would be able to provide a tool for industrial players and policy makers through the formulation of a capability maturity model, which allows the evaluation of the capabilities of the corresponding ecosystem players, so as to permit the assessment of their positions with the provision of guidelines benefiting the advancement of emerging industries.

This paper offers original theoretical contributions through developing strategic capabilities of emerging business ecosystems and is the first to provide a comprehensive structure on the low‐speed EV industry in China.

The purpose of this paper is to explain the onshore satisfaction of cruise passengers, in the port of call of Cartagena de Indias.

A questionnaire was given to 1,361 passengers of 28 cruise ships during October and November of 2009, then factor analysis and cluster analysis were employed.

The results suggest that although visitors held a high overall satisfaction of the onshore experience, there are two dimensions that require the attention of tourist policy makers: the city infrastructure (traffic, noise, cleanliness and infrastructure) and the general shopping experience. In particular, the worst experience seems to be related to street vendors. Moreover, there is evidence that tourists from the USA are more exigent of being fully satisfied.

The survey was only conducted in the months of October and November. Future research can also include the repetition of the study in different seasons to compare results. The study shows that there is a good potential for the growth of tourism activity of the destination because over 52 per cent of the participants declared their intention of return to the city as land tourists and more than 60 per cent will recommend the destination to their friends.

The application of known methodologies to an emergent destination, in which many stakeholders are involved and concerned about cruise tourism evolution and its effects on the destination.

In the past two decades, manufacturing has witnessed significant transformations alongside ecological challenges. Meanwhile, industrial 4.0 digital technologies have accelerated industrialisation with potentials of innovation in the context of circular economy. However, current concepts and models are fragmented and impractical. This paper aims to develop a holistic view integrating the three bodies of knowledge – industrialisation, ecologicalisation and digitalisation (IED) – in order to achieve sustainable development.

Critical literature review is conducted across three bodies of knowledge. Key themes are summarised with the identification of research gaps. A theoretical framework is synthesised and developed aiming to achieve synergy from IED with the modules, integration architecture, mechanism and dynamic paths.

First, the authors review and develop three conceptual models of ecologicalised industrialisation (IE3), industrial system digitalisation (D1) and digital technology industrialisation (D2) separately. Second, the authors propose a theoretical framework seeking to synthesise the above three conceptual models together to form the IED. Third, the authors design a process orientated abductive approach to improve and validate the IED framework.

This study contributes to the limited literature addressing the linkage of IED by integration different perspectives to develop theory in a novel way. Practically, it provides important tools for organisations to consider resource cascading in combination with digitalisation during the industrial system design.